Kedu ihe ị ga-eme ma ọ bụrụ na nlele ụda na-akwadoghị?

Otu esi alụso nlele ụda na-akwadoghị na egwu?

Nlereanya ụda ma ọ bụ nlele egwu bụ usoro a na-ejikarị eme ihe ugbu a ebe a na-eṅomi iberi ụda n'ụdị eletrọnịkị iji jiri ya mee ihe, na-emekarị n'ụdị gbanwetụrụ, n'ọrụ ọhụrụ (egwu), na-abụkarị site n'enyemaka nke kọmputa. Otú ọ dị, iberibe ụda nwere ike ịdabere n'ikike dị iche iche, n'ihi ya, nlele na-enweghị ikike nwere ike bụrụ iwu na-akwadoghị.

Nlele na-eji iberibe ụda dị adị. Ihe mejupụtara, egwu, arụmọrụ na ndekọ nke mpekere ụda ndị a nwere ike ịbụ n'okpuru ikike nwebisiinka. Enwere ike ichekwa ihe mejupụtara na egwu egwu site na nwebisiinka. Enwere ike ichekwa arụmọrụ (ndekọ nke) site na ikike metụtara onye na-eme ihe nkiri, yana phonogram (ihe ndekọ ahụ) nwere ike ichekwa ya site na ikike metụtara nke onye mmepụta phonogram. Nkeji edemede 2 nke EU Copyright Directive (2001/29) na-enye onye edemede, onye na-eme ihe nkiri, na onye na-emepụta phonogram ikike ịmụ nwa, nke na-agbadata ikike inye ikike ma ọ bụ machibido mmeghari nke 'ihe' echedoro.

Onye edemede nwere ike ịbụ onye dere na / ma ọ bụ onye edemede nke egwu, ndị na-abụ abụ na / ma ọ bụ ndị na-egwu egwu na-abụkarị ndị na-eme ihe nkiri (Nkebi nke 1 n'okpuru a of the Neighboring Rights Act (NRA)) na onye na-emepụta phonogram bụ onye mere ndekọ mbụ. , ma ọ bụ mee ya ma buru ihe ize ndụ ego (Nkebi nke 1 n'okpuru d nke NRA). Mgbe onye na-ese ihe na-ede, na-eme ihe, na-edekọ ma na-ewepụta egwu nke ya n'okpuru njikwa nke ya, ndị a dị iche iche na-ejikọta ọnụ n'otu onye. Ikike nwebiisinka na ikike so ya dị n'aka otu onye.

Na Netherlands, etinyere ntuziaka nwebiisinka na iwu nwebiisinka (CA) na NRA, n'etiti ihe ndị ọzọ. Nkeji 1 nke CA na-echebe ikike mmeputa nke odee. Iwu nwebiisinka na-eji okwu 'mmeputakwa' kama 'mbipụta', mana na omume, okwu abụọ a yitere. A na-echekwa ikike mmeputakwa nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri na onye na-emepụta phonogram site na ngalaba 2 na 6, n'otu n'otu, nke NRA. Dịka ntuziaka nwebiisinka, ndokwa ndị a anaghị akọwapụta ihe mejupụtara mmeputakwa (zuru oke ma ọ bụ nke akụkụ).

Dịka ọmụmaatụ: Nkebi nke 13 nke Iwu Nwebiisinka na-ekwu na "nhazi zuru oke ma ọ bụ nke akụkụ ma ọ bụ nṅomi ọ bụla n'ụdị agbanwere agbanwe " bụ mmeputakwa. Ya mere, mmeputakwa gụnyere ihe karịrị otu n'otu, mana o doro anya na ụkpụrụ a ga-eji nyochaa ikpe ndị dị n'ókèala. Enweghị nghọta a enweela mmetụta na omume nke ihe nlele ụda ruo ogologo oge. Ndị omenkà a nwalere amaghị mgbe a na-emebi ikike ha.

Na 2019, Ụlọikpe Ikpe nke European Union (CJEU) mere ka nke a doo anya n'akụkụ ụfọdụ n'ikpe Pelham , na-agbaso ajụjụ mbụ nke German Bundesgerichtshof (BGH) jụrụ (CJEU 29 Julaị 2019, C-476/17, ECLI:EU:C:2019:624). CJEU chọpụtara, n'etiti ndị ọzọ, na ihe nlele nwere ike ịbụ mmeghari nke phonogram, n'agbanyeghị ogologo ihe nlele ahụ (para. 29). Ya mere, ihe nlele nke abụọ nwere ike ịbụ mmebi iwu.

Tinyere nke ahụ, e kpebiri na " ebe, n'iji nnwere onwe ikwu okwu ya eme ihe, onye ọrụ na-edegharị akụkụ ụda site na phonogram maka ojiji n'ọrụ ọhụrụ, n'ụdị agbanwere agbanwe nke ntị na-apụghị ịmata, ojiji dị otú ahụ ekwesịghị ịbụ 'mmepụta' dịka nke Isiokwu 2(c) nke Ntuziaka 2001/29′ pụtara (paragraf 31, akụkụ ọrụ n'okpuru 1). Ya mere, ọ bụrụ na edeziela ihe nlele n'ụzọ nke na e weghaara akụkụ ụda mbụ ahụ na ntị agaghịzi amata ya, ọ dịghị mkpa ka e megharịa ya na phonogram. N'ọnọdụ ahụ, ikike maka nnwale ụda sitere n'aka ndị nwere ikike dị mkpa adịghị mkpa.

Mgbe CJEU weghachitere ya, BGH kpebiri na 30 Eprel 2020 na Metall auf Metall IV , nke o kwuru maka ntị nke a na-agaghị amata ihe nlele ahụ: ntị nke onye na-ege egwu nkịtị (BGH 30 Eprel 2020, I ZR 115/16 ( Metall auf Metall IV ), para. 29). Ọ bụ ezie na mkpebi nke ECJ na BGH metụtara ikike metụtara onye na-emepụta phonogram, o doro anya na ihe ndị a na-eme na mkpebi ndị a na-emetụtakwa mmebi site na nyocha ụda nke ikike nwebisiinka na ikike metụtara ya nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri.

Ikike nwebiisinka na ikike ndị yiri ya nke onye na-eme ihe nkiri nwere oke nchebe dị elu ka ịrịọ maka ikike metụtara nke onye na-emepụta phonogram ga-eme nke ọma karị ma ọ bụrụ na ebubo ebubo ịda iwu site na nlele ụda. Maka nchekwa nwebiisinka, dịka ọmụmaatụ, iberi ụda ga-erurịrị dị ka 'ihe okike ọgụgụ isi'. Enweghị ihe nchekwa dị otú ahụ chọrọ maka nchekwa ikike ndị agbata obi nke ndị na-emepụta phonogram.

Ya mere, ọ bụ mmebi nke ikike mmepụtagharị ma ọ bụrụ na mmadụ atụlee ụda n'ụzọ onye na - ege egwu nkịtị ga-amata. Agbanyeghị, Isiokwu nke 5 nke Ntuziaka Nwebiisinka nwere ọtụtụ mmachi na ihe ndị ọzọ na ikike mmepụtagharị na Isiokwu nke 2 nke Ntuziaka Nwebiisinka, gụnyere mwepu ọnụahịa na ihe ewezuga maka ihe ọchị. Nnwale ụda n'ọnọdụ azụmahịa nkịtị agaghị adịkarị na nke a, n'ihi iwu siri ike.

Ya mere , onye ọ bụla hụrụ onwe ya n'ọnọdụ ebe a na-enyocha akụkụ ụda ya kwesịrị ịjụ onwe ya ajụjụ ndị a:

• Onye nlere anya nwere ikike ime nke a site n'aka ndị nwere ikike?
• E deziela ihe nlele ahụ iji mee ka ndị na-ege egwu na-ege ntị ghara ịmata ya?
• Ihe nlele ahụ ọ dabara n'okpuru ihe ọ bụla ma ọ bụ oke?

Ọ bụrụ na ebubo ebubo mmebi iwu, enwere ike ịme ihe n'ụzọ ndị a:

• Zipụ akwụkwọ ịkpọ oku ka ịkwụsị mmebi ahụ.
  • Nzọụkwụ mbụ ezi uche dị na ya ma ọ bụrụ na ịchọrọ ka mmebi iwu kwụsị ozugbo enwere ike. Karịsịa ma ọ bụrụ na ị naghị achọ mmebi mana naanị ịchọrọ ka mmebi iwu ahụ kwụsị.
• Gị na onye a na-ebo ebubo imebi iwu kparịta ụka doro anya nlele.
  • O nwere ike bụrụ na onye ahụ eboro ebubo mebiri emebi emeghị ụma, ma ọ bụ opekata mpe, n'echeghị echiche ugboro abụọ, mebie ikike mmadụ. N'ọnọdụ ahụ, onye ahụ eboro ebubo imebi iwu nwere ike ịgba akwụkwọ ma mee ka o doo anya na mmebi iwu emeela. Site n'ebe ahụ, enwere ike ịmekọrịta ọnọdụ maka ịnye ikike site n'aka onye na-ejide ikike iji nlele. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, onye ji ikike nwere ike ịchọ onyinye, ụgwọ ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị, ma ọ bụ ụgwọ eze. A na-akpọkwa usoro inye na ịnweta ikike maka sample nhichapu. N'ime usoro a na-emekarị, usoro a na-eme tupu mmebi ọ bụla emee.
• Ịmalite ihe omume obodo n'ụlọ ikpe megide onye ebubo ebubo imebi iwu.
  • Enwere ike nyefee nkwupụta n'ụlọ ikpe dabere na mmebi ikike nwebiisinka ma ọ bụ ikike emetụtara. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike ịzọrọ na onye nke ọzọ emeela ihe n'ụzọ iwu na-akwadoghị site na imebi (Ikeji 3: 302 nke Dutch Civil Code), enwere ike ị nweta mmebi (Ikeji 27 nke CA, Nkeji edemede 16 paragraf 1 nke NRA) na uru. enwere ike inyefe (Ikeji 27a nke CA, Nkeji edemede 16 paragraf 2 nke NRA).

Iwu na Ndị Ọzọ ga-enwe obi ụtọ inyere gị aka ide akwụkwọ arịrịọ, mkparịta ụka na onye a na-ebo ebubo na ọ dara iwu na/ma ọ bụ ịmalite ikpe iwu.