Cryptocurrency: EU na iwu iwu Dutch nke teknụzụ mgbanwe
Okwu Mmalite
Uto zuru ụwa ọnụ na ụba na-abawanye ụba nke cryptocurrency emeela ka ajuju banyere akụkụ nchịkwa nke akụkụ ego ọhụrụ a. Ego di iche na di iche di iche-iche di iche di omimi ma hazie ya site na netwọara a maara dika blockchain, nke bu ihe ntanetị nke na-edobe azụmahịa na ntughari. Ọ dịghị onye na-achịkwa blockchain, n'ihi na agbụ ndị a na-agbanwe agbanwe gafee kọmputa niile nwere obere akpa Bitcoin. Nke a pụtara na ọ nweghị otu ụlọ ọrụ na-achịkwa netwọk ahụ, nke na-egosi ebumpụta ụwa nke ọtụtụ ihe egwu ego na ihe egwu.
Ebumnuche nke Blockchain anabatala Onyinye Mkpụrụ Akpa Inye (ICOs) dị ka ụzọ isi bulie isi obodo n'oge. ICO bu onyinye nke ulo oru nwere ike iresi oha na eze ihe ngosi dijitalụ iji kwado oru ma mezuo ebumnuche ahia ndi ozo. [1] Ọzọkwa ICOs anaghị achịkwa ụkpụrụ ụfọdụ ma ọ bụ ụlọ ọrụ gọọmentị. Enweghị iwu a emeela ka nchegbu banyere nsogbu ndị nwere ike itinye ego na ndị na-agba ọsọ. N'ihi ya, volatility aghọwo nchegbu. O bu ihe nwute, oburu na ndi na etinye ego tufuru ego n’oge a, ha enweghi usoro ha kwesiri iji weghachite ego furu efu.
Ego Virtual Currency na European Level
Ihe ọghọm metụtara iji ego mebere kwalite mkpa nke European Union na ụlọ ọrụ ha iji hazie. Agbanyeghị, iwu na ọkwa European Union dị ezigbo mgbagwoju anya, n'ihi mgbanwe usoro iwu EU na ihe ndị na - ekwekọrịta iwu gafee mba ndị otu.
Maka ugbu a, a naghị achịkwa usoro ego ndị dị na EU na-achịkwa ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa ya site na ikike ọha na eze EU ọ bụla, ọ bụ ezie na ikere òkè na atụmatụ ndị a na-ekpughe ndị ọrụ inweta otuto, akpa mmiri, ihe egwu na ihe egwu. Nke a pụtara na ndị isi obodo kwesịrị ịtụle ma ha chọrọ ịnakwere ma ọ bụ mezie ma dozie cryptocurrency.
Akwụkwọ ego Virtual na Netherlands
Dị ka Dutch Financial Supervision Act (FSA) si elektrọnik ego gosipụta a ego uru na-echekwara electronically ma ọ bụ magnetically. Ebumnuche ego a ka ejiri ya rụọ ọrụ ịkwụ ụgwọ ma nwee ike iji kwụọ ndị ọzọ ụgwọ karịa nke nyere ego elektrọnik. [2] Enweghị ike ịkọwa ego dị iche iche dị ka ego elektrọnik, n'ihi na ọ bụghị iwu iwu niile ka emezuru. Ọ bụrụ na enweghị ike ịkọwa cryptocurrency dị ka ego ma ọ bụ ego elektrọnik, kedu ihe enwere ike ịkọwa ya? N'ihe banyere Dutch Financial Supervision Act Act cryptocurrency bụ naanị ọkara mgbanwe. Onye ọ bụla nwere nnwere onwe ịbanye na azụmaahịa na-agbanwe, yabụ ikike n'ụdị ikike achọrọ. Onye Minista nke Ego gosipụtara na mmezigharị nke nkọwapụta iwu pụtara nke ego kọmputa ababeghị ihe na-achọsi ike, nyere oke oke nke bitcoin, ogo nnabata dị ntakịrị, yana mmekọrịta nwere ezigbo akụ na ụba. O kwusiri ike na ọ bụ naanị ndị ahịa ahụ na-eji ya eme ihe. [3]
Dabere na Dutch District Court (Overijssel) na Dutch Minister nke Finance a mebere ego, dị ka Bitcoin, nwere ọnọdụ nke a ọkara nke mgbanwe. [4] Na mkpesa Courtlọikpe Dutch tụlere na bitcoins nwere ike iru eru dị ka ihe erere dị ka ekwuru ya n'isiokwu 7:36 DCC. Courtlọikpe Mkpegharị Ikpe nke Dutch kwukwara na bitcoins enweghị ike iru eru dị ka iwu dị nro mana naanị dị ka usoro mgbanwe. N'ụzọ dị iche, Courtlọikpe Ikpe Na-ahụ Maka Ikpe na Europe kpebiri na a ga-emeso bitcoins dị ka ụzọ isi kwụọ ụgwọ, na-atụ aro na bitcoins dị ka ọmịiko iwu. [5]
mmechi
N'ihi ihe dị mgbagwoju anya na-emetụta iwu nke cryptocurrencies, enwere ike iche na Courtlọikpe nke Justice nke EU ga-etinye aka na ịkọwapụta okwu. N'ihe banyere mba ndị nke họọrọ imeghari okwu okwu n'ụzọ dị iche na iwu EU, ihe isi ike nwere ike ibilite na ịkọwa n'ụzọ kwekọrọ n'iwu EU. Site n'echiche a, ọ dị mkpa ịkwado ndị otu so na ha ịgbaso okwu okwu EU mgbe ha na-etinye iwu n'ime iwu mba.
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Kpọtụrụ
Ọ bụrụ na ị nwere ajụjụ ma ọ bụ kwuo mgbe ị gụchara edemede a, biko nweere onwe gị ịkpọtụrụ mr. Maxim Hodak, onye ọka iwu na Law & More site na maxim.hodak@lawandmore.nl, ma ọ bụ mr. Tom Meevis, onye ọka iwu na-iwu na Law & More site na tom.meevis@lawandmore.nl, ma ọ bụ kpọọ +31 (0) 40-3690680.
[1] C. Bovaird, ICO vs. IPO: Kedu ihe dị iche ?, Bitcoin Market Journal september 2017.
[2] Iwu Nlekọta Ego, ngalaba 1: 1
[3] Ministerie van N'ikpeazụ, Beantwoording van kamervragen over het gebruik van en toezicht op nieuwe digitale betaalmiddelen zoals de bitcoin, december 2013.
[4] ECLI: NL: RBOVE: 2014: 2667.
[5] ECLI: EU: C: 2015: 718.
